clinical research organizations

Clinical Research Outsourcing, Healthcare

Outsourcing Clinical Support for Clinical Research Organizations (CROs)

Editorial Staff

·

Mar 13, 2022

:root :where(.wp-block-image figcaption){color:#555;font-size:13px;text-align:center;}.is-dark-theme :root :where(.wp-block-image figcaption){color:rgba(255,255,255,.65);}.wp-block-image{margin:0 0 1em;}.wp-block-navigation .wp-block-navigation-item__label{overflow-wrap:break-word;}.wp-block-navigation .wp-block-navigation-item__description{display:none;}.link-ui-tools{border-top:1px solid #f0f0f0;padding:8px;}.link-ui-block-inserter{padding-top:8px;}.link-ui-block-inserter__back{margin-left:8px;text-transform:uppercase;}.wp-block-button__link{box-sizing:border-box;cursor:pointer;display:inline-block;text-align:center;word-break:break-word;}.wp-block-button__link.aligncenter{text-align:center;}.wp-block-button__link.alignright{text-align:right;}:where(.wp-block-button__link){border-radius:9999px;box-shadow:none;padding:calc(.667em + 2px) calc(1.333em + 2px);text-decoration:none;}.wp-block-button[style*=text-decoration] .wp-block-button__link{text-decoration:inherit;}.wp-block-buttons>.wp-block-button.has-custom-width{max-width:none;}.wp-block-buttons>.wp-block-button.has-custom-width .wp-block-button__link{width:100%;}.wp-block-buttons>.wp-block-button.has-custom-font-size .wp-block-button__link{font-size:inherit;}.wp-block-buttons>.wp-block-button.wp-block-button__width-25{width:calc(25% - var(--wp--style--block-gap,.5em) * .75);}.wp-block-buttons>.wp-block-button.wp-block-button__width-50{width:calc(50% - var(--wp--style--block-gap,.5em) * .5);}.wp-block-buttons>.wp-block-button.wp-block-button__width-75{width:calc(75% - var(--wp--style--block-gap,.5em) * .25);}.wp-block-buttons>.wp-block-button.wp-block-button__width-100{flex-basis:100%;width:100%;}.wp-block-buttons.is-vertical>.wp-block-button.wp-block-button__width-25{width:25%;}.wp-block-buttons.is-vertical>.wp-block-button.wp-block-button__width-50{width:50%;}.wp-block-buttons.is-vertical>.wp-block-button.wp-block-button__width-75{width:75%;}.wp-block-button.is-style-squared,.wp-block-button__link.wp-block-button.is-style-squared{border-radius:0;}.wp-block-button.no-border-radius,.wp-block-button__link.no-border-radius{border-radius:0 !important;}:root :where(.wp-block-button .wp-block-button__link.is-style-outline),:root :where(.wp-block-button.is-style-outline>.wp-block-button__link){border:2px solid;padding:.667em 1.333em;}:root :where(.wp-block-button .wp-block-button__link.is-style-outline:not(.has-text-color)),:root :where(.wp-block-button.is-style-outline>.wp-block-button__link:not(.has-text-color)){color:currentColor;}:root :where(.wp-block-button .wp-block-button__link.is-style-outline:not(.has-background)),:root :where(.wp-block-button.is-style-outline>.wp-block-button__link:not(.has-background)){background-color:initial;background-image:none;}:root :where(.wp-block-button .wp-block-button__link.is-style-outline:not(.has-background)).nitro-lazy,:root :where(.wp-block-button.is-style-outline>.wp-block-button__link:not(.has-background)).nitro-lazy{background-image:none !important;}div.is-style-swt-button-secondary .wp-element-button{color:var(--wp--preset--color--body);background:var(--wp--preset--color--surface);}div.is-style-swt-button-secondary .wp-element-button:hover{color:var(--wp--preset--color--body);background:var(--wp--preset--color--surface);}div.is-style-swt-button-inverse .wp-element-button{color:#1f2937;background:#fff;}div.is-style-swt-button-inverse .wp-element-button:hover{color:#1f2937;background:#fff;}.wp-block-buttons.is-vertical{flex-direction:column;}.wp-block-buttons.is-vertical>.wp-block-button:last-child{margin-bottom:0;}.wp-block-buttons>.wp-block-button{display:inline-block;margin:0;}.wp-block-buttons.is-content-justification-left{justify-content:flex-start;}.wp-block-buttons.is-content-justification-left.is-vertical{align-items:flex-start;}.wp-block-buttons.is-content-justification-center{justify-content:center;}.wp-block-buttons.is-content-justification-center.is-vertical{align-items:center;}.wp-block-buttons.is-content-justification-right{justify-content:flex-end;}.wp-block-buttons.is-content-justification-right.is-vertical{align-items:flex-end;}.wp-block-buttons.is-content-justification-space-between{justify-content:space-between;}.wp-block-buttons.aligncenter{text-align:center;}.wp-block-buttons:not(.is-content-justification-space-between,.is-content-justification-right,.is-content-justification-left,.is-content-justification-center) .wp-block-button.aligncenter{margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;width:100%;}.wp-block-buttons[style*=text-decoration] .wp-block-button,.wp-block-buttons[style*=text-decoration] .wp-block-button__link{text-decoration:inherit;}.wp-block-buttons.has-custom-font-size .wp-block-button__link{font-size:inherit;}.wp-block-button.aligncenter{text-align:center;}.wp-block-group{box-sizing:border-box;}:where(.wp-block-group.wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained){position:relative;}:where(.wp-block-group.has-background){padding:1.25em 2.375em;}:root :where(.wp-block-template-part.has-background){margin-bottom:0;margin-top:0;padding:1.25em 2.375em;}.wp-block-query-title{box-sizing:border-box;}:where(.wp-block-term-description){margin-bottom:var(--wp--style--block-gap);margin-top:var(--wp--style--block-gap);}.wp-block-term-description p{margin-bottom:0;margin-top:0;}.wp-block-post-featured-image{margin-left:0;margin-right:0;}.wp-block-post-featured-image a{display:block;height:100%;}.wp-block-post-featured-image :where(img){box-sizing:border-box;height:auto;max-width:100%;vertical-align:bottom;width:100%;}.wp-block-post-featured-image.alignfull img,.wp-block-post-featured-image.alignwide img{width:100%;}.wp-block-post-featured-image .wp-block-post-featured-image__overlay.has-background-dim{background-color:#000;inset:0;position:absolute;}.wp-block-post-featured-image{position:relative;}.wp-block-post-featured-image .wp-block-post-featured-image__overlay.has-background-gradient{background-color:initial;}.wp-block-post-featured-image .wp-block-post-featured-image__overlay.has-background-dim-0{opacity:0;}.wp-block-post-featured-image .wp-block-post-featured-image__overlay.has-background-dim-10{opacity:.1;}.wp-block-post-featured-image .wp-block-post-featured-image__overlay.has-background-dim-20{opacity:.2;}.wp-block-post-featured-image .wp-block-post-featured-image__overlay.has-background-dim-30{opacity:.3;}.wp-block-post-featured-image .wp-block-post-featured-image__overlay.has-background-dim-40{opacity:.4;}.wp-block-post-featured-image .wp-block-post-featured-image__overlay.has-background-dim-50{opacity:.5;}.wp-block-post-featured-image .wp-block-post-featured-image__overlay.has-background-dim-60{opacity:.6;}.wp-block-post-featured-image .wp-block-post-featured-image__overlay.has-background-dim-70{opacity:.7;}.wp-block-post-featured-image .wp-block-post-featured-image__overlay.has-background-dim-80{opacity:.8;}.wp-block-post-featured-image .wp-block-post-featured-image__overlay.has-background-dim-90{opacity:.9;}.wp-block-post-featured-image .wp-block-post-featured-image__overlay.has-background-dim-100{opacity:1;}.wp-block-post-featured-image:where(.alignleft,.alignright){width:100%;}.wp-block-post-terms{box-sizing:border-box;}.wp-block-post-terms .wp-block-post-terms__separator{white-space:pre-wrap;}.wp-block-post-terms.is-style-swt-post-terms-pill a{display:inline-block;font-size:var(--wp--preset--font-size--x-small);padding:6px 12px;border-radius:var(--wp--custom--border-radius--full);color:var(--wp--preset--color--body);background-color:var(--wp--preset--color--outline);margin-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--xx-small);margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--xxx-small);margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--xxx-small);line-height:var(--wp--custom--line-height--initial);}.is-style-swt-post-terms-pill .wp-block-post-terms__separator{display:none;}.wp-block-post-title{box-sizing:border-box;word-break:break-word;}.wp-block-post-title a{display:inline-block;}.wp-block-post-author{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;}.wp-block-post-author__byline{font-size:.5em;margin-bottom:0;margin-top:0;width:100%;}.wp-block-post-author__avatar{margin-right:1em;}.wp-block-post-author__bio{font-size:.7em;margin-bottom:.7em;}.wp-block-post-author__content{flex-basis:0;flex-grow:1;}.wp-block-post-author__name{margin:0;}.is-style-swt-post-author-simple{flex-wrap:inherit;}.is-style-swt-post-author-simple .wp-block-post-author__avatar{margin-right:1.8em;}.is-style-swt-post-author-simple .avatar{width:95px;height:95px;object-fit:cover;border-radius:var(--wp--custom--border-radius--full);}.is-style-swt-post-author-simple .wp-block-post-author__name{font-size:var(--wp--preset--font-size--medium);font-weight:var(--wp--custom--font-weight--semi-bold);color:var(--wp--preset--color--heading);line-height:var(--wp--custom--line-height--initial);text-transform:capitalize;width:100%;}.is-style-swt-post-author-simple .wp-block-post-author__bio{margin-top:10px;font-size:var(--wp--preset--font-size--small);}.is-style-swt-post-author-simple .wp-block-post-author__content{display:flex;align-items:center;flex-wrap:wrap;flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;flex-basis:inherit;flex-grow:inherit;}.is-small-text{font-size:.875em;}.is-regular-text{font-size:1em;}.is-large-text{font-size:2.25em;}.is-larger-text{font-size:3em;}.has-drop-cap:not(:focus):first-letter{float:left;font-size:8.4em;font-style:normal;font-weight:100;line-height:.68;margin:.05em .1em 0 0;text-transform:uppercase;}body.rtl .has-drop-cap:not(:focus):first-letter{float:none;margin-left:.1em;}p.has-drop-cap.has-background{overflow:hidden;}:root :where(p.has-background){padding:1.25em 2.375em;}:where(p.has-text-color:not(.has-link-color)) a{color:inherit;}p.has-text-align-left[style*="writing-mode:vertical-lr"],p.has-text-align-right[style*="writing-mode:vertical-rl"]{rotate:180deg;}.wp-block-post-date{box-sizing:border-box;}.wp-block-post-template{list-style:none;margin-bottom:0;margin-top:0;max-width:100%;padding:0;}.wp-block-post-template.is-flex-container{display:flex;flex-direction:row;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:1.25em;}.wp-block-post-template.is-flex-container>li{margin:0;width:100%;}@media (min-width:600px){.wp-block-post-template.is-flex-container.is-flex-container.columns-2>li{width:calc(50% - .625em);}.wp-block-post-template.is-flex-container.is-flex-container.columns-3>li{width:calc(33.33333% - .83333em);}.wp-block-post-template.is-flex-container.is-flex-container.columns-4>li{width:calc(25% - .9375em);}.wp-block-post-template.is-flex-container.is-flex-container.columns-5>li{width:calc(20% - 1em);}.wp-block-post-template.is-flex-container.is-flex-container.columns-6>li{width:calc(16.66667% - 1.04167em);}}@media (max-width:600px){.wp-block-post-template-is-layout-grid.wp-block-post-template-is-layout-grid.wp-block-post-template-is-layout-grid.wp-block-post-template-is-layout-grid{grid-template-columns:1fr;}}.wp-block-post-template-is-layout-constrained>li>.alignright,.wp-block-post-template-is-layout-flow>li>.alignright{float:right;margin-inline-end:0;margin-inline-start:2em;}.wp-block-post-template-is-layout-constrained>li>.alignleft,.wp-block-post-template-is-layout-flow>li>.alignleft{float:left;margin-inline-end:2em;margin-inline-start:0;}.wp-block-post-template-is-layout-constrained>li>.aligncenter,.wp-block-post-template-is-layout-flow>li>.aligncenter{margin-inline-end:auto;margin-inline-start:auto;}.wp-block-query-pagination>.wp-block-query-pagination-next,.wp-block-query-pagination>.wp-block-query-pagination-numbers,.wp-block-query-pagination>.wp-block-query-pagination-previous{margin-bottom:.5em;margin-right:.5em;}.wp-block-query-pagination>.wp-block-query-pagination-next:last-child,.wp-block-query-pagination>.wp-block-query-pagination-numbers:last-child,.wp-block-query-pagination>.wp-block-query-pagination-previous:last-child{margin-right:0;}.wp-block-query-pagination.is-content-justification-space-between>.wp-block-query-pagination-next:last-of-type{margin-inline-start:auto;}.wp-block-query-pagination.is-content-justification-space-between>.wp-block-query-pagination-previous:first-child{margin-inline-end:auto;}.wp-block-query-pagination .wp-block-query-pagination-previous-arrow{display:inline-block;margin-right:1ch;}.wp-block-query-pagination .wp-block-query-pagination-previous-arrow:not(.is-arrow-chevron){transform:scaleX(1);}.wp-block-query-pagination .wp-block-query-pagination-next-arrow{display:inline-block;margin-left:1ch;}.wp-block-query-pagination .wp-block-query-pagination-next-arrow:not(.is-arrow-chevron){transform:scaleX(1);}.wp-block-query-pagination.aligncenter{justify-content:center;}.wp-block-columns{align-items:normal !important;box-sizing:border-box;display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap !important;}@media (min-width:782px){.wp-block-columns{flex-wrap:nowrap !important;}}.wp-block-columns.are-vertically-aligned-top{align-items:flex-start;}.wp-block-columns.are-vertically-aligned-center{align-items:center;}.wp-block-columns.are-vertically-aligned-bottom{align-items:flex-end;}@media (max-width:781px){.wp-block-columns:not(.is-not-stacked-on-mobile)>.wp-block-column{flex-basis:100% !important;}}@media (min-width:782px){.wp-block-columns:not(.is-not-stacked-on-mobile)>.wp-block-column{flex-basis:0;flex-grow:1;}.wp-block-columns:not(.is-not-stacked-on-mobile)>.wp-block-column[style*=flex-basis]{flex-grow:0;}}.wp-block-columns.is-not-stacked-on-mobile{flex-wrap:nowrap !important;}.wp-block-columns.is-not-stacked-on-mobile>.wp-block-column{flex-basis:0;flex-grow:1;}.wp-block-columns.is-not-stacked-on-mobile>.wp-block-column[style*=flex-basis]{flex-grow:0;}:where(.wp-block-columns){margin-bottom:1.75em;}:where(.wp-block-columns.has-background){padding:1.25em 2.375em;}.wp-block-column{flex-grow:1;min-width:0;overflow-wrap:break-word;word-break:break-word;}.wp-block-column.is-vertically-aligned-top{align-self:flex-start;}.wp-block-column.is-vertically-aligned-center{align-self:center;}.wp-block-column.is-vertically-aligned-bottom{align-self:flex-end;}.wp-block-column.is-vertically-aligned-stretch{align-self:stretch;}.wp-block-column.is-vertically-aligned-bottom,.wp-block-column.is-vertically-aligned-center,.wp-block-column.is-vertically-aligned-top{width:100%;}:root :where(.wp-block-site-title a){color:inherit;}img.wp-smiley,img.emoji{display:inline !important;border:none !important;box-shadow:none !important;height:1em !important;width:1em !important;margin:0 .07em !important;vertical-align:-.1em !important;background:none !important;padding:0 !important;}:root{--wp-admin-theme-color:#007cba;--wp-admin-theme-color--rgb:0,124,186;--wp-admin-theme-color-darker-10:#006ba1;--wp-admin-theme-color-darker-10--rgb:0,107,161;--wp-admin-theme-color-darker-20:#005a87;--wp-admin-theme-color-darker-20--rgb:0,90,135;--wp-admin-border-width-focus:2px;--wp-block-synced-color:#7a00df;--wp-block-synced-color--rgb:122,0,223;--wp-bound-block-color:var(--wp-block-synced-color);}@media (min-resolution:192dpi){:root{--wp-admin-border-width-focus:1.5px;}}.wp-element-button{cursor:pointer;}:root{--wp--preset--font-size--normal:16px;--wp--preset--font-size--huge:42px;}:root .has-very-light-gray-background-color{background-color:#eee;}:root .has-very-dark-gray-background-color{background-color:#313131;}:root .has-very-light-gray-color{color:#eee;}:root .has-very-dark-gray-color{color:#313131;}:root .has-vivid-green-cyan-to-vivid-cyan-blue-gradient-background{background:linear-gradient(135deg,#00d084,#0693e3);}:root .has-purple-crush-gradient-background{background:linear-gradient(135deg,#34e2e4,#4721fb 50%,#ab1dfe);}:root .has-hazy-dawn-gradient-background{background:linear-gradient(135deg,#faaca8,#dad0ec);}:root .has-subdued-olive-gradient-background{background:linear-gradient(135deg,#fafae1,#67a671);}:root .has-atomic-cream-gradient-background{background:linear-gradient(135deg,#fdd79a,#004a59);}:root .has-nightshade-gradient-background{background:linear-gradient(135deg,#330968,#31cdcf);}:root .has-midnight-gradient-background{background:linear-gradient(135deg,#020381,#2874fc);}.has-regular-font-size{font-size:1em;}.has-larger-font-size{font-size:2.625em;}.has-normal-font-size{font-size:var(--wp--preset--font-size--normal);}.has-huge-font-size{font-size:var(--wp--preset--font-size--huge);}.has-text-align-center{text-align:center;}.has-text-align-left{text-align:left;}.has-text-align-right{text-align:right;}#end-resizable-editor-section{display:none;}.aligncenter{clear:both;}.items-justified-left{justify-content:flex-start;}.items-justified-center{justify-content:center;}.items-justified-right{justify-content:flex-end;}.items-justified-space-between{justify-content:space-between;}.screen-reader-text{border:0;clip:rect(1px,1px,1px,1px);clip-path:inset(50%);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px;word-wrap:normal !important;}.screen-reader-text:focus{background-color:#ddd;clip:auto !important;clip-path:none;color:#444;display:block;font-size:1em;height:auto;left:5px;line-height:normal;padding:15px 23px 14px;text-decoration:none;top:5px;width:auto;z-index:100000;}html :where(.has-border-color){border-style:solid;}html :where([style*=border-top-color]){border-top-style:solid;}html :where([style*=border-right-color]){border-right-style:solid;}html :where([style*=border-bottom-color]){border-bottom-style:solid;}html :where([style*=border-left-color]){border-left-style:solid;}html :where([style*=border-width]){border-style:solid;}html :where([style*=border-top-width]){border-top-style:solid;}html :where([style*=border-right-width]){border-right-style:solid;}html :where([style*=border-bottom-width]){border-bottom-style:solid;}html :where([style*=border-left-width]){border-left-style:solid;}html :where(img[class*=wp-image-]){height:auto;max-width:100%;}:where(figure){margin:0 0 1em;}html :where(.is-position-sticky){--wp-admin--admin-bar--position-offset:var(--wp-admin--admin-bar--height,0px);}@media screen and (max-width:600px){html :where(.is-position-sticky){--wp-admin--admin-bar--position-offset:0px;}}:root{--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--square:1;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--4-3:4/3;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--3-4:3/4;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--3-2:3/2;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--2-3:2/3;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--16-9:16/9;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--9-16:9/16;--wp--preset--color--black:#000;--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray:#abb8c3;--wp--preset--color--white:#fff;--wp--preset--color--pale-pink:#f78da7;--wp--preset--color--vivid-red:#cf2e2e;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange:#ff6900;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber:#fcb900;--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan:#7bdcb5;--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan:#00d084;--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue:#8ed1fc;--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue:#0693e3;--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple:#9b51e0;--wp--preset--color--primary:#6431f6;--wp--preset--color--secondary:#7345f7;--wp--preset--color--heading:#1f2937;--wp--preset--color--body:#4b5563;--wp--preset--color--background:#fff;--wp--preset--color--tertiary:#f6ebfe;--wp--preset--color--quaternary:#fffbeb;--wp--preset--color--surface:#f8fafc;--wp--preset--color--foreground:#6431f7;--wp--preset--color--outline:#e6e9ef;--wp--preset--color--neutral:#6e7787;--wp--preset--color--transparent:transparent;--wp--preset--color--current-color:currentColor;--wp--preset--color--inherit:inherit;--wp--preset--color--custom-strat-access-green-1:#26a957;--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple:linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(6,147,227,1) 0%,#9b51e0 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan:linear-gradient(135deg,#7adcb4 0%,#00d082 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange:linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(252,185,0,1) 0%,rgba(255,105,0,1) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red:linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(255,105,0,1) 0%,#cf2e2e 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray:linear-gradient(135deg,#eee 0%,#a9b8c3 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum:linear-gradient(135deg,#4aeadc 0%,#9778d1 20%,#cf2aba 40%,#ee2c82 60%,#fb6962 80%,#fef84c 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple:linear-gradient(135deg,#ffceec 0%,#9896f0 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux:linear-gradient(135deg,#fecda5 0%,#fe2d2d 50%,#6b003e 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk:linear-gradient(135deg,#ffcb70 0%,#c751c0 50%,#4158d0 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean:linear-gradient(135deg,#fff5cb 0%,#b6e3d4 50%,#33a7b5 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass:linear-gradient(135deg,#caf880 0%,#71ce7e 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--midnight:linear-gradient(135deg,#020381 0%,#2874fc 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--primary:linear-gradient(286.83deg,#931cf0 -1.55%,#4f2cdd 100%);--wp--preset--font-size--small:clamp(14px,1.6vw,16px);--wp--preset--font-size--medium:clamp(16px,1.8vw,18px);--wp--preset--font-size--large:clamp(20px,2.2vw,22px);--wp--preset--font-size--x-large:clamp(24px,3vw,28px);--wp--preset--font-size--x-small:clamp(12px,1.5vw,14px);--wp--preset--font-size--xx-large:clamp(28px,3.6vw,36px);--wp--preset--font-size--xxx-large:clamp(32px,3.6vw,44px);--wp--preset--font-size--xxxx-large:clamp(40px,6.6vw,56px);--wp--preset--font-family--inter:"Inter",sans-serif;--wp--preset--spacing--20:.44rem;--wp--preset--spacing--30:.67rem;--wp--preset--spacing--40:1rem;--wp--preset--spacing--50:1.5rem;--wp--preset--spacing--60:2.25rem;--wp--preset--spacing--70:3.38rem;--wp--preset--spacing--80:5.06rem;--wp--preset--spacing--xxx-small:calc(var(--wp--preset--font-size--medium,1rem) / 4);--wp--preset--spacing--xx-small:calc(var(--wp--preset--font-size--medium,1rem) / 2);--wp--preset--spacing--x-small:calc(var(--wp--preset--font-size--medium,1rem));--wp--preset--spacing--small:calc(var(--wp--preset--font-size--medium,1rem) * 1.5);--wp--preset--spacing--medium:calc(var(--wp--preset--font-size--medium,1rem) * 2);--wp--preset--spacing--large:calc(var(--wp--preset--font-size--medium,1rem) * 3);--wp--preset--spacing--x-large:calc(var(--wp--preset--font-size--medium,1rem) * 4);--wp--preset--spacing--xx-large:calc(var(--wp--preset--font-size--medium,1rem) * 6);--wp--preset--shadow--natural:6px 6px 9px rgba(0,0,0,.2);--wp--preset--shadow--deep:12px 12px 50px rgba(0,0,0,.4);--wp--preset--shadow--sharp:6px 6px 0px rgba(0,0,0,.2);--wp--preset--shadow--outlined:6px 6px 0px -3px rgba(255,255,255,1),6px 6px rgba(0,0,0,1);--wp--preset--shadow--crisp:6px 6px 0px rgba(0,0,0,1);--wp--custom--font-weight--black:900;--wp--custom--font-weight--extra-bold:800;--wp--custom--font-weight--bold:700;--wp--custom--font-weight--semi-bold:600;--wp--custom--font-weight--medium:500;--wp--custom--font-weight--regular:400;--wp--custom--font-weight--light:300;--wp--custom--font-weight--extra-light:200;--wp--custom--font-weight--thin:100;--wp--custom--line-height--initial:1;--wp--custom--line-height--xx-small:1.2;--wp--custom--line-height--x-small:1.3;--wp--custom--line-height--small:1.4;--wp--custom--line-height--medium:1.45;--wp--custom--line-height--large:1.6;--wp--custom--border-radius--xx-small:4px;--wp--custom--border-radius--x-small:6px;--wp--custom--border-radius--small:8px;--wp--custom--border-radius--medium:12px;--wp--custom--border-radius--large:16px;--wp--custom--border-radius--x-large:20px;--wp--custom--border-radius--xx-large:24px;--wp--custom--border-radius--full:999px;--wp--custom--font-family--body:var(--wp--preset--font-family--inter);}:root{--wp--style--global--content-size:764px;--wp--style--global--wide-size:1200px;}:where(body){margin:0;}.wp-site-blocks{padding-top:var(--wp--style--root--padding-top);padding-bottom:var(--wp--style--root--padding-bottom);}.has-global-padding{padding-right:var(--wp--style--root--padding-right);padding-left:var(--wp--style--root--padding-left);}.has-global-padding > .alignfull{margin-right:calc(var(--wp--style--root--padding-right) * -1);margin-left:calc(var(--wp--style--root--padding-left) * -1);}.has-global-padding :where(:not(.alignfull.is-layout-flow) > .has-global-padding:not(.wp-block-block,.alignfull)){padding-right:0;padding-left:0;}.has-global-padding :where(:not(.alignfull.is-layout-flow) > .has-global-padding:not(.wp-block-block,.alignfull)) > .alignfull{margin-left:0;margin-right:0;}.wp-site-blocks > .alignleft{float:left;margin-right:2em;}.wp-site-blocks > .alignright{float:right;margin-left:2em;}.wp-site-blocks > .aligncenter{justify-content:center;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;}:where(.wp-site-blocks) > *{margin-block-start:var(--wp--preset--spacing--x-small);margin-block-end:0;}:where(.wp-site-blocks) > :first-child{margin-block-start:0;}:where(.wp-site-blocks) > :last-child{margin-block-end:0;}:root{--wp--style--block-gap:var(--wp--preset--spacing--x-small);}:root :where(.is-layout-flow) > :first-child{margin-block-start:0;}:root :where(.is-layout-flow) > :last-child{margin-block-end:0;}:root :where(.is-layout-flow) > *{margin-block-start:var(--wp--preset--spacing--x-small);margin-block-end:0;}:root :where(.is-layout-constrained) > :first-child{margin-block-start:0;}:root :where(.is-layout-constrained) > :last-child{margin-block-end:0;}:root :where(.is-layout-constrained) > *{margin-block-start:var(--wp--preset--spacing--x-small);margin-block-end:0;}:root :where(.is-layout-flex){gap:var(--wp--preset--spacing--x-small);}:root :where(.is-layout-grid){gap:var(--wp--preset--spacing--x-small);}.is-layout-flow > .alignleft{float:left;margin-inline-start:0;margin-inline-end:2em;}.is-layout-flow > .alignright{float:right;margin-inline-start:2em;margin-inline-end:0;}.is-layout-flow > .aligncenter{margin-left:auto !important;margin-right:auto !important;}.is-layout-constrained > .alignleft{float:left;margin-inline-start:0;margin-inline-end:2em;}.is-layout-constrained > .alignright{float:right;margin-inline-start:2em;margin-inline-end:0;}.is-layout-constrained > .aligncenter{margin-left:auto !important;margin-right:auto !important;}.is-layout-constrained > :where(:not(.alignleft):not(.alignright):not(.alignfull)){max-width:var(--wp--style--global--content-size);margin-left:auto !important;margin-right:auto !important;}.is-layout-constrained > .alignwide{max-width:var(--wp--style--global--wide-size);}body .is-layout-flex{display:flex;}.is-layout-flex{flex-wrap:wrap;align-items:center;}.is-layout-flex > :is(*,div){margin:0;}body .is-layout-grid{display:grid;}.is-layout-grid > :is(*,div){margin:0;}body{background-color:var(--wp--preset--color--background);color:var(--wp--preset--color--body);font-family:var(--wp--custom--font-family--body);font-size:var(--wp--preset--font-size--medium);font-weight:var(--wp--custom--font-weight--regular);line-height:var(--wp--custom--line-height--large);--wp--style--root--padding-top:0px;--wp--style--root--padding-right:24px;--wp--style--root--padding-bottom:0px;--wp--style--root--padding-left:24px;}a:where(:not(.wp-element-button)){color:var(--wp--preset--color--custom-strat-access-green-1);text-decoration:none;}:root :where(a:where(:not(.wp-element-button)):hover){color:#12b04c;}h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6{color:var(--wp--preset--color--heading);}h1{font-size:var(--wp--preset--font-size--xxxx-large);font-weight:var(--wp--custom--font-weight--medium);letter-spacing:-2px;line-height:var(--wp--custom--line-height--xx-small);margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--small);}h2{font-size:var(--wp--preset--font-size--xxx-large);font-weight:var(--wp--custom--font-weight--medium);letter-spacing:-1px;line-height:var(--wp--custom--line-height--xx-small);margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--medium);margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--x-small);}h3{font-size:var(--wp--preset--font-size--xx-large);font-weight:var(--wp--custom--font-weight--medium);letter-spacing:-.5px;line-height:var(--wp--custom--line-height--x-small);margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--medium);margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--x-small);}h4{font-size:var(--wp--preset--font-size--x-large);font-weight:var(--wp--custom--font-weight--semi-bold);letter-spacing:-.25px;line-height:var(--wp--custom--line-height--x-small);margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--small);margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--xx-small);}h5{font-size:var(--wp--preset--font-size--large);font-weight:var(--wp--custom--font-weight--semi-bold);line-height:var(--wp--custom--line-height--medium);margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--small);margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--xx-small);}h6{font-size:var(--wp--preset--font-size--medium);font-weight:var(--wp--custom--font-weight--semi-bold);line-height:var(--wp--custom--line-height--medium);margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--x-small);margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--xx-small);}:root :where(.wp-element-button,.wp-block-button__link){background-color:var(--wp--preset--color--custom-strat-access-green-1);border-radius:.375em;border-color:var(--wp--preset--color--primary);border-width:0;color:var(--wp--preset--color--background);font-family:inherit;font-size:var(--wp--preset--font-size--small);font-weight:var(--wp--custom--font-weight--medium);line-height:var(--wp--custom--line-height--initial);padding:calc(.667em + 2px) calc(1.333em + 2px);text-decoration:none;}:root :where(.wp-element-button:hover,.wp-block-button__link:hover){background-color:var(--wp--preset--color--secondary);}.has-black-color{color:var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-color{color:var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-color{color:var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-color{color:var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-color{color:var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-color{color:var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-color{color:var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-color{color:var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-color{color:var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-color{color:var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-color{color:var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-color{color:var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-primary-color{color:var(--wp--preset--color--primary) !important;}.has-secondary-color{color:var(--wp--preset--color--secondary) !important;}.has-heading-color{color:var(--wp--preset--color--heading) !important;}.has-body-color{color:var(--wp--preset--color--body) !important;}.has-background-color{color:var(--wp--preset--color--background) !important;}.has-tertiary-color{color:var(--wp--preset--color--tertiary) !important;}.has-quaternary-color{color:var(--wp--preset--color--quaternary) !important;}.has-surface-color{color:var(--wp--preset--color--surface) !important;}.has-foreground-color{color:var(--wp--preset--color--foreground) !important;}.has-outline-color{color:var(--wp--preset--color--outline) !important;}.has-neutral-color{color:var(--wp--preset--color--neutral) !important;}.has-transparent-color{color:var(--wp--preset--color--transparent) !important;}.has-current-color-color{color:var(--wp--preset--color--current-color) !important;}.has-inherit-color{color:var(--wp--preset--color--inherit) !important;}.has-custom-strat-access-green-1-color{color:var(--wp--preset--color--custom-strat-access-green-1) !important;}.has-black-background-color{background-color:var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-background-color{background-color:var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-background-color{background-color:var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-background-color{background-color:var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-background-color{background-color:var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-background-color{background-color:var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-background-color{background-color:var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-background-color{background-color:var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-background-color{background-color:var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color:var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color:var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-background-color{background-color:var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-primary-background-color{background-color:var(--wp--preset--color--primary) !important;}.has-secondary-background-color{background-color:var(--wp--preset--color--secondary) !important;}.has-heading-background-color{background-color:var(--wp--preset--color--heading) !important;}.has-body-background-color{background-color:var(--wp--preset--color--body) !important;}.has-background-background-color{background-color:var(--wp--preset--color--background) !important;}.has-tertiary-background-color{background-color:var(--wp--preset--color--tertiary) !important;}.has-quaternary-background-color{background-color:var(--wp--preset--color--quaternary) !important;}.has-surface-background-color{background-color:var(--wp--preset--color--surface) !important;}.has-foreground-background-color{background-color:var(--wp--preset--color--foreground) !important;}.has-outline-background-color{background-color:var(--wp--preset--color--outline) !important;}.has-neutral-background-color{background-color:var(--wp--preset--color--neutral) !important;}.has-transparent-background-color{background-color:var(--wp--preset--color--transparent) !important;}.has-current-color-background-color{background-color:var(--wp--preset--color--current-color) !important;}.has-inherit-background-color{background-color:var(--wp--preset--color--inherit) !important;}.has-custom-strat-access-green-1-background-color{background-color:var(--wp--preset--color--custom-strat-access-green-1) !important;}.has-black-border-color{border-color:var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-border-color{border-color:var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-border-color{border-color:var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-border-color{border-color:var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-border-color{border-color:var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-border-color{border-color:var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-border-color{border-color:var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-border-color{border-color:var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-border-color{border-color:var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color:var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color:var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-border-color{border-color:var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-primary-border-color{border-color:var(--wp--preset--color--primary) !important;}.has-secondary-border-color{border-color:var(--wp--preset--color--secondary) !important;}.has-heading-border-color{border-color:var(--wp--preset--color--heading) !important;}.has-body-border-color{border-color:var(--wp--preset--color--body) !important;}.has-background-border-color{border-color:var(--wp--preset--color--background) !important;}.has-tertiary-border-color{border-color:var(--wp--preset--color--tertiary) !important;}.has-quaternary-border-color{border-color:var(--wp--preset--color--quaternary) !important;}.has-surface-border-color{border-color:var(--wp--preset--color--surface) !important;}.has-foreground-border-color{border-color:var(--wp--preset--color--foreground) !important;}.has-outline-border-color{border-color:var(--wp--preset--color--outline) !important;}.has-neutral-border-color{border-color:var(--wp--preset--color--neutral) !important;}.has-transparent-border-color{border-color:var(--wp--preset--color--transparent) !important;}.has-current-color-border-color{border-color:var(--wp--preset--color--current-color) !important;}.has-inherit-border-color{border-color:var(--wp--preset--color--inherit) !important;}.has-custom-strat-access-green-1-border-color{border-color:var(--wp--preset--color--custom-strat-access-green-1) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple-gradient-background{background:var(--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan-gradient-background{background:var(--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange-gradient-background{background:var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red-gradient-background{background:var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red) !important;}.has-very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray-gradient-background{background:var(--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-cool-to-warm-spectrum-gradient-background{background:var(--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum) !important;}.has-blush-light-purple-gradient-background{background:var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple) !important;}.has-blush-bordeaux-gradient-background{background:var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux) !important;}.has-luminous-dusk-gradient-background{background:var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk) !important;}.has-pale-ocean-gradient-background{background:var(--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean) !important;}.has-electric-grass-gradient-background{background:var(--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass) !important;}.has-midnight-gradient-background{background:var(--wp--preset--gradient--midnight) !important;}.has-primary-gradient-background{background:var(--wp--preset--gradient--primary) !important;}.has-small-font-size{font-size:var(--wp--preset--font-size--small) !important;}.has-medium-font-size{font-size:var(--wp--preset--font-size--medium) !important;}.has-large-font-size{font-size:var(--wp--preset--font-size--large) !important;}.has-x-large-font-size{font-size:var(--wp--preset--font-size--x-large) !important;}.has-x-small-font-size{font-size:var(--wp--preset--font-size--x-small) !important;}.has-xx-large-font-size{font-size:var(--wp--preset--font-size--xx-large) !important;}.has-xxx-large-font-size{font-size:var(--wp--preset--font-size--xxx-large) !important;}.has-xxxx-large-font-size{font-size:var(--wp--preset--font-size--xxxx-large) !important;}.has-inter-font-family{font-family:var(--wp--preset--font-family--inter) !important;}:root :where(.wp-block-site-title){font-size:var(--wp--preset--font-size--medium);font-weight:var(--wp--custom--font-weight--semi-bold);letter-spacing:0;line-height:var(--wp--custom--line-height--large);margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;}:root :where(.wp-block-post-title a:where(:not(.wp-element-button))){color:var(--wp--preset--color--heading);}:root :where(.wp-block-post-title a:where(:not(.wp-element-button)):hover){color:var(--wp--preset--color--heading);}:root :where(.wp-block-navigation){font-size:var(--wp--preset--font-size--small);font-weight:var(--wp--custom--font-weight--regular);letter-spacing:.25px;line-height:var(--wp--custom--line-height--large);}:root :where(.wp-block-navigation-is-layout-flow) > :first-child{margin-block-start:0;}:root :where(.wp-block-navigation-is-layout-flow) > :last-child{margin-block-end:0;}:root :where(.wp-block-navigation-is-layout-flow) > *{margin-block-start:var(--wp--preset--spacing--small);margin-block-end:0;}:root :where(.wp-block-navigation-is-layout-constrained) > :first-child{margin-block-start:0;}:root :where(.wp-block-navigation-is-layout-constrained) > :last-child{margin-block-end:0;}:root :where(.wp-block-navigation-is-layout-constrained) > *{margin-block-start:var(--wp--preset--spacing--small);margin-block-end:0;}:root :where(.wp-block-navigation-is-layout-flex){gap:var(--wp--preset--spacing--small);}:root :where(.wp-block-navigation-is-layout-grid){gap:var(--wp--preset--spacing--small);}:root :where(.wp-block-post-terms){font-size:var(--wp--preset--font-size--x-small);}:root :where(.wp-block-post-author){font-size:var(--wp--preset--font-size--x-small);}:root :where(.wp-block-post-date){font-size:var(--wp--preset--font-size--x-small);}:root :where(.wp-block-group){padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--x-small);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--x-small);}:root{--wp--preset--duotone--secondary:url("#wp-duotone-secondary");}.wp-container-core-navigation-is-layout-1{gap:var(--wp--preset--spacing--medium);justify-content:flex-end;}.wp-container-core-group-is-layout-1{flex-wrap:nowrap;gap:var(--wp--preset--spacing--large);justify-content:flex-end;}.wp-container-core-group-is-layout-2{flex-wrap:nowrap;justify-content:space-between;}.wp-container-2{top:calc(0px + var(--wp-admin--admin-bar--position-offset,0px));position:sticky;z-index:10;}.wp-container-core-group-is-layout-4 > *{margin-block-start:0;margin-block-end:0;}.wp-container-core-group-is-layout-4 > * + *{margin-block-start:var(--wp--preset--spacing--small);margin-block-end:0;}.wp-container-core-group-is-layout-5{flex-wrap:nowrap;gap:var(--wp--preset--spacing--xx-small);}.wp-container-core-group-is-layout-6{gap:var(--wp--preset--spacing--xx-small);flex-direction:column;align-items:flex-start;}.wp-container-core-post-template-is-layout-1{grid-template-columns:repeat(3,minmax(0,1fr));}.wp-elements-f7158ce1a981f8b9e18bb0f4944f3ff5 a:where(:not(.wp-element-button)){color:var(--wp--preset--color--custom-strat-access-green-1);}.wp-container-core-group-is-layout-7 > *{margin-block-start:0;margin-block-end:0;}.wp-container-core-group-is-layout-7 > * + *{margin-block-start:var(--wp--preset--spacing--large);margin-block-end:0;}.wp-container-core-social-links-is-layout-1{gap:var(--wp--preset--spacing--x-small) var(--wp--preset--spacing--x-small);}.wp-container-core-navigation-is-layout-2{gap:var(--wp--preset--spacing--xx-small);flex-direction:column;align-items:flex-start;}.wp-container-core-navigation-is-layout-3{gap:var(--wp--preset--spacing--xx-small);flex-direction:column;align-items:flex-start;}.wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-1{flex-wrap:nowrap;gap:32px 32px;}.wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-2{flex-wrap:nowrap;gap:var(--wp--preset--spacing--medium) var(--wp--preset--spacing--medium);}.wp-container-core-group-is-layout-8{flex-wrap:nowrap;gap:var(--wp--preset--spacing--xx-small);justify-content:center;}.wp-container-core-group-is-layout-9 > *{margin-block-start:0;margin-block-end:0;}.wp-container-core-group-is-layout-9 > * + *{margin-block-start:var(--wp--preset--spacing--large);margin-block-end:0;}.wp-duotone-secondary.wp-block-image img,.wp-duotone-secondary.wp-block-image .components-placeholder{filter:var(--wp--preset--duotone--secondary);}.skip-link.screen-reader-text{border:0;clip:rect(1px,1px,1px,1px);clip-path:inset(50%);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute !important;width:1px;word-wrap:normal !important;}.skip-link.screen-reader-text:focus{background-color:#eee;clip:auto !important;clip-path:none;color:#444;display:block;font-size:1em;height:auto;left:5px;line-height:normal;padding:15px 23px 14px;text-decoration:none;top:5px;width:auto;z-index:100000;}body [class*='uagb-block-']{margin-top:0px;margin-block-start:0px;}.has-global-padding > .uagb-is-root-container.alignfull:not(.uagb-position__sticky--stuck){margin-right:calc(var(--wp--style--root--padding-right) * -1);margin-left:calc(var(--wp--style--root--padding-left) * -1);}@media (min-width:1025px){.swt-hide-desktop{display:none !important;}}@media (min-width:768px) and (max-width:1024px){.swt-hide-tablet{display:none !important;}}@media (max-width:767px){.swt-hide-mobile{display:none !important;}}.wp-block-navigation-item.has-child .wp-block-navigation-item.has-child{color:inherit !important;}.wp-block-navigation__responsive-container.is-menu-open .wp-block-navigation__responsive-container-content,.wp-block-navigation__responsive-container.is-menu-open .wp-block-navigation__responsive-container-content .wp-block-navigation-item,.wp-block-navigation__responsive-container.is-menu-open .wp-block-navigation__responsive-container-content .wp-block-navigation__container,.wp-block-navigation__responsive-container.is-menu-open .wp-block-navigation__responsive-container-content .wp-block-page-list{align-items:center;}.wp-block-post-terms a{color:inherit;}.is-style-swt-post-author-simple .wp-block-post-author__bio{display:none;}.wp-block-post-author__bio{font-size:inherit;}.broken_link,a.broken_link{text-decoration:line-through;}.uag-blocks-common-selector{z-index:var(--z-index-desktop) !important;}@media (max-width: 976px){.uag-blocks-common-selector{z-index:var(--z-index-tablet) !important;}}@media (max-width: 767px){.uag-blocks-common-selector{z-index:var(--z-index-mobile) !important;}}

clinical research organizations

Outsourcing Clinical Support for Clinical Research Organizations (CROs)